GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN THE UPPER AQUIFER OF THE CHAD FORMATION, CHAD BASIN, NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
Keywords:
Groundwater, Chad Basin, Phreatic aquifer, Depletion level and Upper aquifer.Abstract
This paper examines the present groundwater level changes in the Upper aquifer of Chad Formation in Borno basin measured in the year 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012. The study involved collection of topographic maps of scale 1:500,000 on Nigerian sheet 4 covering the study area. Previous published literatures on the basin were also collected. Hand dug wells and their elevation were located and measured with satellite navigator. Findings from the results shows that, the Upper aquifer is a phreatic aquifer separated by thin clay layer into “A” sub-zone with depth ranging from 1 to 10 m, “B” sub-zone with depth ranging from 10 to 60 m and “C” sub-zone with depth ranging from 60 to 100 m. From the study, it can be deduced that, the C sub-zone is not recharging from seasonal infiltration of meteoric water or from the horizontal stream flow, it rather shows a depleting groundwater level. It was proved that rain of wet seasons do not recharge Upper C sub-zone to the previous wet season level, and thus the water table in the Upper C zones will be exhausted if the aquifer is not recharged at the present level of abstraction.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The contents of the articles are the sole opinion of the author(s) and not of NIJOTECH.
NIJOTECH allows open access for distribution of the published articles in any media so long as whole (not part) of articles are distributed.
A copyright and statement of originality documents will need to be filled out clearly and signed prior to publication of an accepted article. The Copyright form can be downloaded from http://nijotech.com/downloads/COPYRIGHT%20FORM.pdf while the Statement of Originality is in http://nijotech.com/downloads/Statement%20of%20Originality.pdf
For articles that were developed from funded research, a clear acknowledgement of such support should be mentioned in the article with relevant references. Authors are expected to provide complete information on the sponsorship and intellectual property rights of the article together with all exceptions.
It is forbidden to publish the same research report in more than one journal.